Debian8 更换内核以支持锐速

20200112更新

卸载旧内核那一步是有问题的，警告信息表示正在卸载当前使用的内核。之前一直没问题是因为在卸载内核前安装了其他的内核，所以重启后会去自动使用另外的内核。

另外一种更换选择启动内核的方法如下，感觉更安全…参考：

Ubuntu修改内核Kernel开机默认启动顺序

Debian 9 修改GRUB默认启动内核

安装内核

此步骤与之前一样

dpkg -i linux-image-3.16.0-4*.deb

查看当前内核的启动顺序

cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg

回显会显示当前grub.cfg的配置

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
else
   set default="0"
fi

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}
function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
   font=unicode
else
insmod part_msdos
insmod ext2
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
fi
    font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
  set lang=en_US
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
  set timeout=-1
else
  if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
    set timeout_style=menu
    set timeout=5
  # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
  # unavailable.
  else
    set timeout=5
  fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
set menu_color_highlight=white/blue
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
	set gfxpayload="${1}"
}
set linux_gfx_mode=
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e' {
	load_video
	insmod gzio
	if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
	insmod part_msdos
	insmod ext2
	set root='hd0,msdos1'
	if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
	else
	  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
	fi
	echo	'Loading Linux 3.16.0-6-amd64 ...'
	linux	/boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-6-amd64 root=UUID=833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e ro  quiet
	echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
	initrd	/boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-6-amd64
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e' {
	menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.16.0-6-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-6-amd64-advanced-833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e' {
		load_video
		insmod gzio
		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
		insmod part_msdos
		insmod ext2
		set root='hd0,msdos1'
		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
		else
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
		fi
		echo	'Loading Linux 3.16.0-6-amd64 ...'
		linux	/boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-6-amd64 root=UUID=833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e ro  quiet
		echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
		initrd	/boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-6-amd64
	}
	menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.16.0-6-amd64 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-6-amd64-recovery-833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e' {
		load_video
		insmod gzio
		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
		insmod part_msdos
		insmod ext2
		set root='hd0,msdos1'
		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
		else
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
		fi
		echo	'Loading Linux 3.16.0-6-amd64 ...'
		linux	/boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-6-amd64 root=UUID=833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e ro single 
		echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
		initrd	/boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-6-amd64
	}
	menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-4-amd64-advanced-833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e' {
		load_video
		insmod gzio
		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
		insmod part_msdos
		insmod ext2
		set root='hd0,msdos1'
		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
		else
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
		fi
		echo	'Loading Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 ...'
		linux	/boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-4-amd64 root=UUID=833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e ro  quiet
		echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
		initrd	/boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-4-amd64
	}
	menuentry 'Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 (recovery mode)' --class debian --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.16.0-4-amd64-recovery-833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e' {
		load_video
		insmod gzio
		if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
		insmod part_msdos
		insmod ext2
		set root='hd0,msdos1'
		if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1  833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
		else
		  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e
		fi
		echo	'Loading Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 ...'
		linux	/boot/vmlinuz-3.16.0-4-amd64 root=UUID=833770f7-7a64-497d-8241-b6c609c4b16e ro single 
		echo	'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
		initrd	/boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-4-amd64
	}
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

其中的submenu那一部分为二级菜单，在下面的缩进内可以看到当前安装的两个内核。实际上二级菜单那里也是通过字符串拼接而成的，后面带的是变量$menuentry_id_option

记录下二级菜单前面的字符串Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux和后面自己想要手动指定启动的内核名称Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64

修改grub文件

修改/etc/default/grub中的GRUB_DEFAULT=0部分，改为

GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Debian GNU/Linux>Debian GNU/Linux, with Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64"

更新引导

注释表示#If you change this file, run ‘update-grub’ afterwards to update

update-grub

相关文章：Centos 7更换内核以支持锐速

参考：

https://stillso.com/4.html

https://touko.moe/blog/fast-change-kernel-in-deb

PS：更新锐速许可证

1.更新许可证(有效期为6个月)

wget -qO '/appex/etc/apx.lic' "https://api.moeclub.org/lotServer?ver=1&mac=00:00:00:00:00:00"

使用 ifconfig 查看网卡 mac 地址，替换 00:00:00:00:00:00 (当内核版本号小于等于 3.11.20.10 时, 请设置 ver=0)

参考：

https://www.zhangfangzhou.cn/2019/04/22

https://www.hostloc.com/thread-541194-1-1.html

下载3.16.0.4-deb内核

根据文档得知锐速支持3.16.0.4内核

wget http://security-cdn.debian.org/pool/updates/main/l/linux/linux-image-3.16.0-4-amd64_3.16.43-2+deb8u5_amd64.deb

由于官方已经停止Debian8的支持，遂将内核下载地址换为镜像

wget https://debian.sipwise.com/debian-security/pool/main/l/linux/linux-image-3.16.0-4-amd64_3.16.43-2+deb8u5_amd64.deb

安装内核

dpkg -i linux-image-3.16.0-4*.deb

查看已安装的内核

dpkg -l|grep linux-image

删除旧内核

apt-get purge 旧内核的名字

注：这一步会跳出询问是否跳过卸载内核，当然是不跳过。卸载所有多余内核，只保留用的。

更新引导

update-grub

重启即可